Browsing by Author "Dudar, Tamara"

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Assessment of environmental and resource-saving technologies and technical means for processing and disposal of man-made formations and waste
(Private enterprise “Тесhnology Сеntеr”, 2020-08-31) Lyashenko, Vasil; Khomenko, Oleh; Chekushina, Tatjana; Topolnij, Fedor; Dudar, Tamara; Ляшенко, Василь; Хоменко, Олег; Чекушина, Тетяна; Топольний, Федір; Дудар, Тамара
The object of research is environmental and resource-saving technologies and technical means for the pro- cessing and disposal of man-made formations and waste in the underground mining of mineral deposits with backfilling of the worked-out space. One of the most problematic areas is the management of the state of ore- containing energy-disturbed massifs and the delivery of hardening filling mixtures to the place of their laying, as well as the shortage of components for their preparation. This increases the importance of the management of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the rock mass, ensuring the safety of the earth’s surface from destruction and vital activity of the population living in the zone of influence of the mining region. The paper presents the main scientific and practical results of the substantiation of technologies and technical means for the disposal of mining and metallurgical waste into underground goaf (man-made voids) as components of hardening filling mixtures of various composition and strength. Methods of theoretical generalizations with the use of mathematical statistics, physical and mathematical modeling, with the implementation of calculations and feasibility studies, laboratory and field experimental studies, industrial tests in the conditions of operating enterprises of mining and metallurgical production are described. On the basis of the study of the mechanism of stress-strain state of a rock mass using geophysical and surveying methods, an environmental technology for extinguishing technogenic voids in energy-disturbed massifs is proposed. This technology makes it possible to ensure the safety of the earth’s surface and the vital activity of the population living in the zone of influence of mountain objects (mines, dumps, industrial sites for stowing complexes, tailings, ore-processing plants (OPP), etc.). It was found that for the mines of the state enterprise «VostGOK» (Ukraine), the utilization rate of own production waste for hardening backfill is from 0.45 to 0.68; hydraulic – from 0.56 to 0.75; free-flowing – 0.62, and the extraction of each ton of commercial ore is accompanied by the output of 0.7-0.8 tons of waste. An as- sessment of the utilization level of wastes of mining and metallurgical production is given and an inventory for wastes of mining enterprises is given, which gives an estimate and directions of their possible use for the needs of the national economy. The research results can be used in underground mining of complex ore deposits and mining and metallurgical production.
Evaluation of efficiency and environmental safety of leaching metals from ore: ways of development and prospects
(РС Тесhnology Сеntеr, 2021-06-30) Lyashenko, Vasil; Khomenko, Oleh; Chekushina, Tatjna; Dudar, Tamara; Topolnij, Fedor
The object of research is traditional mining technologies and technical means in combination with underground block leaching (UBL) of metals from rock ores with their preliminary crushing with explosives in installations mounted in mine workings. One of the most problematic areas is the difficulty of achieving a given crushing quality, as well as the required height of ore storage in the chamber for the subsequent leaching of metals and a loosening factor, taking into account the control of the energy of explosive destruction of rock ores.The study used:– data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of technologies and technical means for UBL of metals from ores in energy disturbed massifs, substantiation of technological parameters of operational blocks;– laboratory and production experiments;– physical modeling of metal extraction from ores from the average linear size of a piece of blasted ore.Analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results using standard and new methods were carried out with the participation of the authors. It was found that the most intensive infiltration leaching occurs when the size class of ore lumps is –100+0 mm. Metals are extracted from fractions –200+100 mm less intensively and for a longer time. To neutralize and flush the spent ore mass, it is recommended to treat it with lime solution and mine water through wells for supplying leaching solutions (irrigation system). The protection of the hydrogeological environment is carried out by silting the bottom of the chamber for collecting productive solutions with clay solution and by constant monitoring of mine water pollution in the zone of UBL influence. On the basis of the positive results obtained from the study and implementation of technologies for UBL of metals from rock ores during the development of block 5–86, in accordance with the recommendations issued, the same approach was used for blocks 5–84–86 and 5–88–90, as well as industrial experimental block 1–75–79. Due to the involvement in the production of substandard ores, the raw material base for the extraction of metals, at the operating mines, can be increased by 1.4–1.6 times.The research results can be used in underground mining of ore deposits of complex structure in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and other developed mining countries of the world.
Landscape Ecology
(National Aviation University, 2014) Dudar, Tamara
The manual provides the main information about general concepts of landscapec science and landscape ecology, and also contains the characteristics, degradation and remidiation of the main landscape types in Ukraine. It is intended for students specializing in Ecology, Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management doing their courc/ses in English.
Substantiation of mining-technical and environmental safety of underground mining of complex-structure ore deposits
(Dnipro University of Technology, 2022) Lyashenko, Vasyl; Andreev, Boris; Dudar, Tamara; Ляшенко, Василь; Андрєєв, Борис; Дудар, Тамара
Purpose. Substantiation of mining-technical and environmental safety of underground mining of complex-structure ore de- posits based on the study of a rock mass stress-strain state (SSS), as well as determining the safe parameters of stopes for spe- cific mining-geological conditions and patterns of rock pressure propagation in various environments. Methods. To assess the improvement of mining-technical and environmental safety of mining operations, the research in- cludes theoretical generalizations with the use of mathematical statistics, physical and mathematical modeling, performing calculations, as well as technical and economic feasibility, laboratory and full-scale experimental studies, industrial tests in mine conditions and on the earth's surface in the zone of blasting influence, based on the standard and new methods. Findings. A functional interrelation between the rock mass SSS value and the number of impulses (destruction sounds) per minute, characterizing its structural (а) and strength (b) properties, is proposed, which is described by a curvilinear dependence of the type y = axb and allows to quickly determine the stable parameters of stopes. Assessment and prediction are made for various forms of rock pressure manifestation, based on the stress concentration coefficient within 0.91  Kv  0.70, taking into account the conditions of the elastic behavior of rocks. The value of  = 0.0002-0.0003 is taken as permissible relative deformation, which ensures both mining-technical and environmental safety, as well as the rock mass stability during repeated blasting operations. Originality. A classification of the rock mass SSS has been developed depending on the direction of the maximum stresses relative to the mine working location, the level of the rock mass stress state and the mechanism of rock pressure manifestation (η), as well as the category of rock-bump hazard. In particular, the rock mass with the values in the range of 0.12 < η ≤ 0.2; 0.2 < η ≤ 0.3; 0.3 < η ≤ 0.5 and η > 0.5 are classified as non-rock-bump hazardous and belong to III, II, and I hazard categories, respectively. Practical implications. To substantiate the safe parameters of stopes based on the results of multi-year research into un- derground mining of complex-structure deposits, depending on the rock mass properties, a graphical-analytic method (nomo- graphic charts and calculation formulas) is recommended. These parameters are determined for highly fractured, medium frac- tured and weakly fractured rock mass with its horizontal outcropping to the surface. Using this method, the Instruction on the Geomechanical Substantiation of the Safe Mining of the Reserves at the Skhidnyi Hirnycho-Zbahachuvalnyi Kombinat, DP (SE VostGOK), Ukraine, has been developed.
Uranium Deposits of Ukraine: Geology, Mineralogy, and Mining Aspects
(Lambert Academic Publishing, 2018-03) Dudar, Tamara; Lysychenko, Georgii; Buhera, Marharyta
The basic geological characteristics of the Ukrainian uranium resources and main uranium bearing minerals of commercial deposits are presented. Particular attention is paid to operating, dormant and depleted deposits and geological and mineralogical peculiarities of their resources. The deposits passports according to the IAEA approach, and the Ukrainian-English uranium geology and mineralogy are included.
Методологічні засади екологічної безпеки територій з техногенно-підсиленими джерелами природного походження
(Національний авіаційний університет, 2020-09-23) Дудар, Тамара Вікторівна; Dudar, Tamara
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 21.06.01. «Екологічна безпека». Національний авіаційний університет. Київ, 2020. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми зниження негативних наслідків впливу радононебезпечних проявів на екологічну обстановку навколо урановидобувних та прилеглих територій шляхом вдосконалення методологічних підходів до оцінювання і обґрунтування моделі контролю екологічної небезпеки територій з техногенно-підсиленими джерелами природного походження. Науково обґрунтовано і визначено території видобування та перероблення уранової сировини у форматі уранової спадщини “post-uranium legacy sites” як радіоактивно забруднені внаслідок антропогенної діяльності в минулому – “affected by past practices”, де рівень радіоактивності помітно перевищує фоновий, а компоненти довкілля характеризуються підвищеним вмістом урану, продуктів його розпаду та супутніх елементів. Розроблено метод ідентифікації радононебезпечних зон у межах терито¬рій суб’єктів господарювання, який включає класифікацію рівнів потенційної радононебезпеки, враховує природну радіоактивність компонентів довкілля, просторову щільність розломів та лінеаментів та дозволяє у 97,50 % ± 0,94 % правильно класифікувати рівень потенційної радонової небезпеки території. Обґрунтовано доцільність і перспективність використання часових серій даних радарної інтерферометрії земної поверхні та часових серій даних дистанційної термометрії земної поверхні як індикаторів екологічної небезпеки територій на об’єктовому рівні. За результатами обробки багатоспектральних космічних знімків та геопросторового моделювання створено серію тематичних карт деградації ґрунтово-рослинного покриву в межах локацій об’єктів території уранової спадщини України. Визначено основні шляхи для прогнозування потенційної небезпеки запиленості повітря, дози опромінення і радіаційного ризику від пилового надходження радіонуклідів в атмосферу від породних відвалів урановидобування. Доведено, що найбільша доза опромінення, яку може отримати людина від надходження радіоактивного пилу в атмосферу, дорівнює 11 мкбер/рік, а прижиттєвий радіаційний ризик дорівнює 10–9 рік–1 і є нехтовно малим. Радіаційний ризик максимальний поблизу границі відвалів. Збільшення площі відвалів призведе до збільшення доз для населення.