Browsing by Author "Kryvosheia, Nika Ihorivna"

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Synthesis of PD-controller for Position Control of Nuclear Reactor Rods
(National Aviation University, 2024-06-14) Kryvosheia, Nika Ihorivna; Кривошея, Ніка Ігорівна
Control of nuclear reactors is one of the most important aspects of ensuring their safe and efficient operation. Nuclear reactors play a significant role in electricity generation, scientific research and other industries. Their operation is based on complex physical processes, such as uranium fission and absorption, which require careful monitoring to ensure stability and safety. Nuclear power has a rich history that began with the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938. The first nuclear reactor was created in 1942 under the leadership of Enrico Fermi, and the commercial use of nuclear energy for electricity generation began in the 1950s. Today, nuclear reactors provide a significant portion of the world's electricity generation, offering a reliable and environmentally friendly source of energy. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the control theory of nuclear reactor rods and synthesize a PD-controller to control their position. In the first part of the work, the concept of a nuclear reactor, its operating principles, uranium fission and absorption processes, and the theory of reactor rod control will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to identifying the main problems that arise in the control of nuclear reactor rods. The control of nuclear reactor rods is a critical aspect, as it affects the safety and stability of the entire reactor. The rods are used to regulate the fission reaction by controlling the number of neutrons that cause the uranium to fission. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of the rod control system directly affect the safety of the nuclear reactor. The second part of the paper will be devoted to the study of the structure of PID-controllers and their impact on dynamic systems. Different methods of PID-controller synthesis will be considered, in particular, methods based on the Nichols diagram. Particular attention will be paid to the synthesis of a PID-controller for controlling the position of nuclear reactor rods. In the third part of the work, the model of nuclear reactor rods without a controller will be analyzed, a PD-controller will be synthesized using the Nichols diagram, and a model of a nuclear reactor with a PD-controller will be analyzed. Based on the analysis, a comparison of the models of nuclear reactor rods without and with a PID-controller will be made. The final section of the thesis will summarize the results of the study and provide conclusions on the effectiveness of the proposed methods for controlling nuclear reactor rods. Thus, this thesis contains a comprehensive analysis of the theory and practice of nuclear reactor core control, with an emphasis on the use of PD-controllers to improve the efficiency and reliability of their operation.