Політ. Інформаційно-комунікаційні засади міжнародних відносин. 2021

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Browsing Політ. Інформаційно-комунікаційні засади міжнародних відносин. 2021 by Author "Cименуха, Віктор Олексійович"

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    The Muslim brotherhood in 21st century
    (National Aviation University, 2021) Cimenukha, Victor Alekseevich; Cименуха, Віктор Олексійович
    Following the French expedition to Egypt in 1798 the centuries old distribution of power in the middle east was turned upside down. As European supremacy grew a group of Egyptian intellectuals banded together and formed a reactionary movement called “The Muslim Brotherhood”. They aimed to reform society without surrendering religious customs and what ensued was an intellectual battle for national identity that quickly transformed into an armed resistance. The Muslim Brotherhood, founded in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna, is the world’s most influential Islamist organization. The mission of the Brotherhood is to Islamize society by promoting religious laws, values and morals. To achieve this goal, it has long combined preaching and political activism with social welfare. The group gained legitimacy among its main constituency, the lower middle class, as the most effective organized resistance against the British occupation of Egypt (1882–1952). The Muslim Brotherhood allied itself with the Free Officers, nationalist military leaders who sought to snatch Egypt into a British-backed monarchy. After the coup that forced King Farouk to lose power in July 1952, the Military Junta, which took over the leadership and the Brotherhood, became rivals. This conflict revolved around power and ideology; The Brotherhood rejected the vision of the Egyptian military as the leader of the socialist, secular, pan-Arab movement. In 1954, a suspected member of the Brotherhood attempted to assassinate Free Officer leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In response, thousands of suspected brothers were imprisoned.Although Nasser banned the group from governing, the Brotherhood nevertheless became ubiquitous in society, building allegiance as a populist alternative to the Egyptian state, which provided neither prosperity nor prosperity and suffered repeated military defeats by Israel.